Learn how to use adverbs made from nouns
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sherah: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HebrewPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 10 - The Dirtiest Clean Bathroom in Israel. Sherah here. |
| Amir: שלום I'm Amir. |
| Sherah: In this lesson, you’ll learn about types of adverbs in Hebrew. The conversation takes place at a restaurant. |
| Amir: It's between Mrs. Alon and waiter. |
| Sherah: The speakers are strangers, so they will use informal Hebrew. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| גברת אלון: עכשיו חזרתי מהשירותים ואני רוצה להגיד לך שמישהו צריך לנקות שם ביסודיות. |
| מלצר: באמת? המנקה היה פה אתמול. |
| גברת אלון: בכל הרצינות, אני חושבת שאי אפשר לקרוא לזה נקיון. |
| מלצר: אני אבדוק את זה. תודה שהודעת לי. |
| גברת אלון: ועוד משהו, אם אתה כבר פה. אני חושבת שהצלחות האלה ממש לא ברמה של המסעדה. |
| מלצר: כן? אני לא אחראי על הדברים האלה, אבל אני אמסור את מה שאמרת לאחראי. |
| גברת אלון: תודה, חמוד. |
| מלצר: את רוצה להסביר לי למה הצלחות לא טובות? נשמע שאת מבינה בדברים האלה. |
| גברת אלון: כן, הבעיה היא שרואים שהן משומשות. זאת אומרת שהציפוי לא קשה מספיק. אני מצטערת, אבל זו המציאות. |
| מלצר: טוב לדעת, אני אמסור לאישה שמזמינה אותן. |
| גברת אלון: אבל לא באלימות... בעדינות. |
| מלצר: כמובן. (צוחק) |
| Sherah: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Mrs. Alon: I just returned from the bathroom and I want to tell you that someone needs to thoroughly clean there. |
| Waiter: Really? The cleaner was here yesterday. |
| Mrs. Alon: In all earnestness, I think it's impossible to call that cleaning. |
| Waiter: I'll check it out. Thanks for notifying me. |
| Mrs. Alon: And another thing, while you're here. I think the plates are not nice enough for this restaurant. |
| Waiter: Yes? I'm not responsible for these things, but I can pass on your concerns to whoever is responsible. |
| Mrs. Alon: Thanks, sweetheart. |
| Waiter: Do you want to explain to me why the plates are not good? It sounds like you understand such things. |
| Mrs. Alon: Yes, the problem is that you see that they have been used. This means that the covering is not hard enough. I'm sorry, but that is the reality of it. |
| Waiter: Good to know, I'll tell the woman who orders them. |
| Mrs. Alon: Not violently though... gently. |
| Waiter: Of course. (laughs) |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Sherah: Israel doesn't have natural resources like oil or coal, so the Israeli industry concentrates mostly on developing and manufacturing products based on Israel's own scientific and technological innovation. |
| Amir: Most of Israel's industry is based on intensive research and hi-tech processes, and up until the 1970s, most resources were directed toward developing agriculture, food production, construction, and providing employment for many unskilled immigrants. |
| Sherah: The conditions of the area forced the young country to develop arms needed for its defense, and so new technologies were created. With time, Israel developed unique hi-tech industries that include medical devices, electronics, computer software and hardware, and telecommunications. |
| Amir: Today, the major industrial sectors in Israel include high-technology products, metal products, electronic and biomedical equipment, agricultural products, and pharmaceuticals. |
| Sherah: Another important industry in Israel is the diamond industry. In fact, it is one of the world's centers of this field. Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Sherah: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Amir: יסודיות [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: thoroughness |
| Amir: יסודיות[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: יסודיות [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: מנקה [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: cleaner |
| Amir: מנקה[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: מנקה [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: רצינות [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: earnestness |
| Amir: רצינות[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: רצינות [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: נקיון [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: cleanliness |
| Amir: נקיון[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: נקיון [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: להודיע [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to notify |
| Amir: להודיע[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: להודיע [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: מציאות [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: reality |
| Amir: מציאות[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: מציאות [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: רמה [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: level |
| Amir: רמה[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: רמה [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: למסור [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to pass on |
| Amir: למסור[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: למסור [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: ציפוי [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: coating |
| Amir: ציפוי[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: ציפוי [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: And last.. |
| Amir: משומש [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: used |
| Amir: משומש[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: משומש [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Sherah: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Amir: להודיע |
| Sherah: which means “to notify”, “to inform” or “to announce”. |
| Amir: The root letters of this verb are Yod Dalet Ayin - י.ד.ע, the letters that compose the word “knowledge” - ידע (yeda). |
| Sherah: As you can understand by the root letters, this verb is used in the context of letting someone know something - passing on information. Amir, can you give us an example using this word? |
| Amir: Sure. For example, you can say.. הוא הודיע לבעל הבית שהוא עוזב את הדירה. |
| Sherah: ..which means “He notified the landlord he's leaving the apartment.” Okay, what's the next word? |
| Amir: רמה |
| Sherah: which means “level” or “standard”. |
| Amir: רמה is used in a few ways. |
| Sherah: First, it can mean “level”, as in “the level of alcohol in one's blood”. Secondly it means “quality”, as in “their service is very high-quality”. |
| Amir: רמה is also used in a few slang expressions. One of them is ברמות (be-ramot), meaning “very much”, “really,” or even “excessively”. For example... הוא עשיר ברמות (hu ashir be-ramot) |
| Sherah: which means “He is really really rich”. Another expression is על רמה (al rama), meaning “classy”, or “of a high standard” . |
| Amir: For example...מקום על רמה |
| Sherah: “a classy place”. Amir, can you give us an example using this word? |
| Amir: Sure. הסטודנטים החדשים מעלים את הרמה בפקולטה. |
| Sherah: .. which means “The new students are raising the level in the faculty.” Okay, what's the last word? |
| Amir: למסור |
| Sherah: which means “to pass on”. |
| Amir: The verb למסור (limsor) has a few similar meanings: it can mean “to give”, “to transfer” or “to deliver”, but it can also mean “to notify”, and it's even used in sports to say “to pass”, for example, a ball. |
| Sherah: In one of its meanings - “to give” - the verb למסור (limsor) is almost equivalent to the verb לתת (latet) - “to give”. However, the two cannot be used interchangeably. |
| Amir: Right. You cannot use למסור (limsor) when talking about a gift, a compliment, or a physical gesture. It is much more practical - it is a bit more like “to deliver”. |
| Sherah: You can use it in a sentence about giving someone a letter they got, or giving your clothes to dry-cleaning. |
| Amir: Another common use of this verb is to say “to pass on information”, to tell someone a piece of information you were asked to deliver; for example, when you're on your phone with your brother, and he asks you to tell your friend something. |
| Sherah: For example...תמסור לו שאני אבוא מחר (timsor lo she-ani avo maħar) |
| Amir: which means “tell him I'll come tomorrow”. |
| Sherah: Another example is...היא ביקשה ממני למסור לכם דרישת שלום. |
| Amir: “She asked me to give you her regards” |
| Sherah: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
| Sherah: In this lesson, you’ll learn about types of adverbs in Hebrew. |
| Amir: The rules of Hebrew adverbs are pretty simple. |
| Sherah: They are used in a similar way to English adverbs, and there is no need to conjugate them. It means they remain the same regardless of the verb or adjective they refer to. |
| Amir: Right. They don’t need to agree with it in number, gender, or tense. |
| Sherah: Like in English, Hebrew adverbs can be divided into a few main categories: adverbs of time, place, manner, intensity, and frequency. Like in English, the easiest category to recognise is “Manner”, since it has a specific structure. |
| Amir: In English, it’s the suffix “ly” or “ley”. In Hebrew, it’s the conjugation of the prefix ב (be-), meaning “in”, and an abstract noun denoting quality or state, like “laziness”, “gentleness”, “peacefulness” and so on. |
| Sherah: The one important rule of this category is that unlike in English, these adverbs don’t come before the adjective, they appear after it. |
| Amir: In our dialog we have the phrase...מישהו צריך לנקות שם ביסודיות. |
| Sherah: which means “someone needs to thoroughly clean there.” |
| Amir: לנקות (le'nakot) means “to clean”, שם (sham) is “there” and ביסודיות (be-yesodiyut) is a combination of the prefix ב (be-), “in”, and יסודיות (yesodiyut), “thoroughness”. |
| Sherah: Together, it means “thoroughly” or “to clean there thoroughly”. Let's take another example. |
| Amir: אבל לא באלימות... בעדינות. |
| Sherah: “Not violently though... gently.” The literal translation of this sentence is: “but not in violence… in gentleness.” As we just learnt, this means: “Not violently… gently.” |
| Amir: As you can see, the Hebrew equivalent of the suffix “ness” is וּת (ut). |
| Sherah: However, not all abstract nouns denoting quality or state end with “ness”, like “understanding”, for example. |
| Amir: In Hebrew, many of these nouns end with the letter ה (Heh) and the sound “ah”, like our latest example - הבנה (havana), “understanding”. And some of these nouns have different endings. |
| Sherah: Using these rules, let’s make our own noun-based adverbs. |
| Amir: Ok! If קלילות (klilut) is “lightness”, then “lightly” would be “be-klilut”. |
| Sherah: Let’s take another word - חביבות (ħavivut), “pleasantness” or “kindness”. “Kindly” would be “be-ħavivut”. |
| Amir: And another example is “speedily”, “be-me’hirut”. It is derived from מהירות (me’hirut), meaning “speed” or “swiftness”. |
| Sherah: Listeners, there is a rule stating that if the first letter of the noun has no vowel, the “beh” sound becomes a “bee” sound: bee-klilut. However, in everyday speech, this rule is usually disregarded. As always, for more examples and explanations, please check the lesson notes. |
Outro |
| Sherah: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Amir: להתראות |
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