Learn about hifil verbs that come from adjectives and about the causative property of hifil verbs
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sherah: Hi everyone, and welcome back to HebrewPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 9 - Talking About Dietary Requirements in Hebrew. Sherah here. |
| Amir: שלום I'm Amir. |
| Sherah: In this lesson, you’ll learn Hif’il verbs that come from adjectives. The conversation takes place on the phone. |
| Amir: It's between waiter and Ella. |
| Sherah: The speakers are strangers, so they will use informal Hebrew. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
Lesson conversation |
|---|
| מלצר: שלום, הצרפתיה הקטנה. |
| אלה: שלום, אני רוצה להזמין מקום ליום חמישי בשש. |
| מלצר: לכמה אנשים? |
| אלה: לשלושה אנשים, אבל לפני כן אני רוצה לוודא שיש לכם מנות שאימא שלי יכולה לאכול. |
| מלצר: יש לה דרישות דיאטתיות מיוחדות? |
| אלה: כן. קודם כול, יש לה לחץ דם גבוה. אפשר להפחית את כמות המלח במנות? |
| מלצר: זו לא בעיה. אנחנו מכינים את המנה לפי ההזמנה שלך. |
| אלה: יופי, זה מקל עלינו מאוד. עוד שאלה - יש לכם מנות בלי גלוטן? |
| מלצר: כן, יש לנו הרבה אפשרויות למנות בלי גלוטן. |
| אלה: לא ראיתי כל כך הרבה אפשרויות בפעם הקודמת שהייתי במסעדה שלכם. |
| מלצר: יכול להיות. החלטנו להרחיב את התפריט שלנו בגלל בקשות כמו שלך. |
| אלה: מעולה! אתם המסעדה הכי טובה בעיר, אין מה להשוות. |
| Sherah: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Waiter: Hello, the little Frenchwoman. |
| Ella: Hello, I would like to make a reservation for Thursday at six. |
| Waiter: For how many people? |
| Ella: For three people, but before that I want to make sure you have dishes my mother can eat. |
| Waiter: She has special dietary requirements? |
| Ella: Yes. First of all, she has high blood pressure. Is it possible to reduce the amount of salt in the dishes? |
| Waiter: It's not a problem. We prepare the dish according to your order. |
| Ella: Great, it makes it so much easier for us. Another question—do you have dishes without gluten? |
| Waiter: Yes, we have many options for gluten-free dishes. |
| Ella: I didn't see so many options last time I was at your restaurant. |
| Waiter: It's possible. We decided to expand our menu because of requests like yours. |
| Ella: Great! You're the best restaurant in town, there's no competition. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Sherah: Listeners, the Israeli diet is based on fresh vegetables, olive oil, fruit and grains, and so it’s considered very healthy. Israelis do consume processed food, but not as much as Americans or other Western countries' population. |
| Amir: According to the department of statistics, Israel has 8% vegetarians and 5% vegans - nearly 4 percent of the country. |
| Sherah: The vegan trend is only getting stronger: About 250 Israeli restaurants are “vegan friendly”, meaning that at least one-quarter of their dishes are completely vegan. |
| Amir: Another thing that makes Israel a vegan-friendly country is the food it is most famous for, like falafel and hummus, which contain no animal products. |
| Sherah: Listeners, please try it if you have chance. Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Sherah: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Amir: להזמין מקום [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to reserve a place |
| Amir: להזמין מקום[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: להזמין מקום [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: לוודא [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to make sure, to verify |
| Amir: לוודא[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: לוודא [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: דרישה [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: demand |
| Amir: דרישה[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: דרישה [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: דיאטתי [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: dietary |
| Amir: דיאטתי[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: דיאטתי [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: לחץ דם [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: blood pressure |
| Amir: לחץ דם[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: לחץ דם [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: להפחית [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to reduce |
| Amir: להפחית[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: להפחית [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: כמות [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: amount |
| Amir: כמות[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: כמות [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: להקל [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to make easier |
| Amir: להקל[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: להקל [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next we have.. |
| Amir: להרחיב [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to expand |
| Amir: להרחיב[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: להרחיב [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: And last.. |
| Amir: להשוות [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to compare |
| Amir: להשוות[slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Amir: להשוות [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Sherah: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is.. |
| Amir: להזמין מקום |
| Sherah: which means “to reserve a place” |
| Amir: להזמין (le'hazmin) is a verb meaning “to invite” or “to order”, for example a meal or tickets. מקום (makom) is “place” or “space”, as in “spot” or “seat”. So להזמין מקום (le'hazmin makom) is literally “to order a spot”. |
| Sherah: We use this expression mostly for restaurants. |
| Amir: Right. For shows, movies, and other events that require tickets, we will say לקנות כרטיסים (liknot kartisim) meaning “to buy tickets”. |
| Sherah: Listeners, please note that (le'hazmin makom) can't be used in a sentence like “can you reserve a seat for me”. להזמין מקום (le'hazmin makom) is the action performed by the person who wishes to reserve the spot. |
| Amir: When you call a restaurant, you will say that you wish to להזמין מקום (le'hazmin makom). You can't ask the restaurant to להזמין מקום (le'hazmin makom) for you. |
| Sherah: If you want to ask someone at the place you are going to to save you a spot, you can ask them to לשמור מקום (lishmor makom) for you - “to save a spot”. Amir, can you give us an example using this word? |
| Amir: Sure. For example, you can say.. אם לא נזמין מקום מראש, אולי לא נוכל להיכנס. |
| Sherah: ..which means “If we don’t reserve a place in advance, we may not be able to get in.” Okay, what's the next word? |
| Amir: דרישה |
| Sherah: which means “demand” or “requirement”, and like the equivalent English noun, it could also be turned to a verb. |
| Amir: The verb is לדרוש (lidrosh) meaning “to demand” or “to require”. The root letters are Dalet Resh Shin: ד.ר.ש, and the verb stem is kal. |
| Sherah: In the dialog we heard the word דרישות (drishot), the plural form of דרישה (drisha), meaning - in that context - “requirements”, as in “dietary requirements”. |
| Amir: However, this word could also be used to mean “demands”. |
| Sherah: Can you give us an example using this word? |
| Amir: Sure. . המפגינים הגישו לנשיא רשימת דרישות. |
| Sherah: .. which means “The protesters handed the president a list of demands.” Okay, what's the last word? |
| Amir: כמות |
| Sherah: which means “amount” or “quantity”. Its singular form might be mistaken for a plural form, because of the last two letters - Vav and Tav - that typically signify feminine plural ending. |
| Amir: The real plural form of the word כמות (kamut) is כמויות (kamuyot). |
| Sherah: The plural form כמויות (kamuyot) is used in a slang expression to mean “in large quantities”: בכמויות (be-kamuyot). |
| Amir: For example, you could say היא שותה קפה בכמויות (hi shota kafe be-kamuyot). |
| Sherah: It literally means “she drinks coffee in amounts”, but it's understood as “she drinks loads of coffee” . Amir, can you give us an example using our word? |
| Amir: כדאי לאכול כמות גדולה של ירקות ירוקים. |
| Sherah: .. which means “It's good to eat a large amount of green vegetables.” Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
| Sherah: In this lesson, you’ll learn Hif’il verbs that come from adjectives. Hif’il is one of the three verb stems that are used for active verbs. Hif’il expresses causative action in which the subject causes the action to occur. The literal translation of the Hif’il verbs sounds a little awkward in English, but it may help you understand its function. |
| Amir: When putting the root ל.ח.צ, relating to pressure and stress, into the Hif’il pattern, it becomes הלחיץ (hilħitz), meaning “he caused stress”. |
| Sherah: Let’s take an example from dialog. |
| Amir: שלום, אני רוצה להזמין מקום ליום חמישי בשש. |
| Sherah: which means “Hello, I would like to make a reservation for Thursday at six.” |
| Amir: להזמין (le’hazmin ) literally means “to invite” or “to order”. |
| Sherah: To emphasize the Hif’il structure, it can be understood as “to cause an invitation”. |
| Amir: A special feature of Hif’il is that many of its verbs are derived from adjectives. |
| Sherah: Let's take another example from the dialog. |
| Amir: אפשר להפחית את כמות המלח במנות? |
| Sherah: This means “Is it possible to reduce the amount of salt in the dishes?” |
| Amir: להפחית (le’hafħit ) means “to reduce”, “to cause reduction”. It is derived from the word פחות (paħot), meaning “less”. |
| Sherah: Another example is... |
| Amir: אני צריך להקטין את הקובץ. |
| Sherah: which means “I need to make the file smaller.” |
| Amir: להקטין (le’haktin - “to make small”) is derived from the adjective קטן (katan), meaning “small” or “little”. Its root letters are ק.ט.נ. |
| Sherah: Let’s look at two more examples of Hif’il verbs derived from adjectives, conjugated in other forms. |
| Amir: הוא השמין מאז שראיתי אותו בפעם האחרונה. |
| Sherah: “He has put on weight since I last saw him.” |
| Amir: השמין (hish’min) meaning “gained weight” or “became fat”) is the masculine, singular, third-person form of a verb derived from the adjective שמן (sha’men), meaning “fat”. Its root letters are ש.מ.נ. |
| Sherah: Ok, let’s briefly go over the diagnostic features of the basic form of Hif’il. |
| Amir: The past tense starts with the letter ה (Heh), with a sound pattern of hee-hah-(suffix), with the exception of the third person conjugations: hee-ee-(suffix). |
| Sherah: The present tense starts with the letter מ (Mem), with a sound pattern of ma-ee-(suffix). |
| Amir: The future tense has a few different prefixes, but a set sound pattern: ah-ee-(suffix). |
| Sherah: Listeners, please check the lesson notes for more examples and explanations. |
Outro |
| Sherah: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Amir: להתראות |
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