Learn how to write a sentence without a subject
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sherah: Hello and welcome to hebrewpod101.com. This is Lower Beginner Series Season 1, Lesson 16 - An Exhausting Day in Israel. I’m your host, Sherah! |
| Amir: And I’m Amir. |
| Sherah: In this lesson, you will learn how to write a sentence without a subject. |
| Amir: The conversation takes place on the bus home from Jerusalem. |
| Sherah: It’s between Anna and Yonatan. |
| Amir: The speakers are friends, so they’ll be using informal Hebrew. |
| Sherah: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| אנה: סוף-סוף הגענו הביתה! למדנו הרבה על ירושליים היום.. |
| Anna: Sof-sof Higa’nu ha-ba’itah! Lamad’nu har’beh al yerushalayim ha-yom. |
| יונתן: כן, היה כיף אבל התעייפתי מאוד. |
| Yonatan: Ken, hayah ke’if aval hit’ayaf’ti me’od. |
| אנה: גם אני. אני מתה לישון. |
| Anna: Gam ani. Ani metah lishon. |
| יונתן: מתי אנחנו חייבים לקום בבוקר? |
| Yonatan: mata’i anaħ’nu ħayavim la-kum ba-boker? |
| אנה: בשבע. |
| Anna: Be-sheva |
| יונתן: טוב, לילה טוב. |
| Yonatan: Tov. Lilah tov. |
| אנה: לילה טוב. |
| Anna: Lilah tov. |
| Sherah: Let’s listen to the conversation one more time, slowly. |
| אנה: סוף-סוף הגענו הביתה! למדנו הרבה על ירושליים היום.. |
| Anna: Sof-sof Higa’nu ha-ba’itah! Lamad’nu har’beh al yerushalayim ha-yom. |
| יונתן: כן, היה כיף אבל התעייפתי מאוד. |
| Yonatan: Ken, hayah ke’if aval hit’ayaf’ti me’od. |
| אנה: גם אני. אני מתה לישון. |
| Anna: Gam ani. Ani metah lishon. |
| יונתן: מתי אנחנו חייבים לקום בבוקר? |
| Yonatan: mata’i anaħ’nu ħayavim la-kum ba-boker? |
| אנה: בשבע. |
| Anna: Be-sheva |
| יונתן: טוב, לילה טוב. |
| Yonatan: Tov. Lilah tov. |
| אנה: לילה טוב. |
| Anna: Lilah tov. |
| Sherah: Now, let’s hear it with the English translation. |
| אנה: סוף-סוף הגענו הביתה! למדנו הרבה על ירושליים היום.. |
| Anna: Sof-sof Higa’nu ha-ba’itah! Lamad’nu har’beh al yerushalayim ha-yom. |
| Anna: We've finally arrived home. We learned a lot about Jerusalem today. |
| יונתן: כן, היה כיף אבל התעייפתי מאוד. |
| Yonatan: Ken, hayah ke’if aval hit’ayaf’ti me’od. |
| Yonatan: Yes, it was fun, but I got really tired. |
| אנה: גם אני. אני מתה לישון. |
| Anna: Gam ani. Ani metah lishon. |
| Anna: Me too. I'm dying to sleep. |
| יונתן: מתי אנחנו חייבים לקום בבוקר? |
| Yonatan: mata’i anaħ’nu ħayavim la-kum ba-boker? |
| Yonatan: When do we have to get up in the morning? |
| אנה: בשבע. |
| Anna: Be-sheva |
| Anna: At seven. |
| יונתן: טוב, לילה טוב. |
| Yonatan: Tov. Lilah tov. |
| Yonatan: Okay. Good night. |
| אנה: לילה טוב. |
| Anna: Lilah tov. |
| Anna: Good night. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Sherah: So, we didn’t really see this in the dialogue, but there’s something I’d like to go over. In Israel, there is another kind of agricultural settlement other than a kibbutz and that is called a moshav. |
| Amir: A moshav is a small village. It was traditionally set up in a communal way, but not like in a kibbutz, where everyone shares everything. |
| Sherah: Right, on a Moshav everyone has their own agricultural land and they do with it as they please. |
| Amir: People pay a tax and that helps to maintain the communal aspects of the moshav. |
| Sherah: Because there wasn’t the same equality as there was on a kibbutz, some farmers ended up more successful than others. |
| Amir: Today, many moshavs have consolidated the agricultural land or more successful farmers have bought up the land from other members. |
| Sherah: Many moshavs are more like suburbs today. You can buy a small plot of land to build a house on, but they don’t allot land anymore. |
| Amir: They do kind of resemble an outlying suburb. |
| Sherah: Yeah, like a country suburb. Now let’s move on to the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Sherah: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| Sherah: The first word we shall see is... |
| Amir: הביתה [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: home or (toward) home |
| Amir: הביתה [slowly - broken down by syllable] הביתה [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next |
| Amir: סוף-סוף [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: finally |
| Amir: סוף-סוף [slowly - broken down by syllable] סוף-סוף [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next |
| Amir: להתעייף [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to get tired |
| Amir: להתעייף [slowly - broken down by syllable] להתעייף [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next |
| Amir: למות [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to die |
| Amir: למות [slowly - broken down by syllable] למות [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next |
| Amir: לישון [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to sleep |
| Amir: לישון [slowly - broken down by syllable] לישון [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next |
| Amir: לקום [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: to get up, to wake up |
| Amir: לקום [slowly - broken down by syllable] לקום [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next |
| Amir: מתי [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: when |
| Amir: מתי [slowly - broken down by syllable] מתי [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: Next |
| Amir: מת לישון [natural native speed] |
| Sherah: dying to sleep, exhausted |
| Amir: מת לישון [slowly - broken down by syllable] מת לישון [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Sherah: Let’s take a closer look at some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is הביתה which means “toward home” or “homeward”. |
| Amir: The ה at the end of בית indicates that it is “in the direction of”. |
| Sherah: I think that you use this expression in Hebrew much more often than we would use “homeward”. |
| Amir: I think so. We use it when we ask someone if they are coming home - אתה בא הביתה? |
| Sherah: And you would use it to talk about someone who is on the way home הוא בדרך הביתה. |
| Amir: Or you could talk about someone returning home - פנינה חוזרת הביתה. |
| Sherah: See, for all those sentences we would use home in English and you use homeward. |
| Amir: I see what you mean. The next expression is מת לשון or “dying to sleep. |
| Sherah: Israelis use this when they are exhausted, much like we do. |
| Amir: But we do have another expression that says “dying of exhaustion” - מת מעייפות. |
| Sherah: Right, for those expressions you have to remember to use the right form of die. The feminine form is מתה and the masculine form is מת. Okay, let’s move on to the Grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Sherah: In this lesson you will learn how to lead a sentence with a verb and not a subject. |
| Amir: There are many times in Hebrew when you won’t need to start your sentence off with “I”, “you” or “we”. |
| Sherah: The way that verbs are built incorporates the pronoun into the verb in many cases, so it’s not necessary to include an independent pronoun to lead the sentence. |
| Amir: In the present tense, you will almost always need a subject because verbs in the present tense don’t completely indicate what the pronoun is. |
| Sherah: But in the past and the future, it’s a different story. |
| Amir: Our example of this from the dialogue is סוף סוף הגענו הביתה “we’ve finally arrived home.” |
| Sherah: The verb הגענו has the suffix נו- attached to it and this tells you that the subject is “we”. No other pronoun uses that same ending. |
| Amir: Anna could have said אנחנו הגענו but that would have been repetitive. |
| Sherah: Then Yonatan says היה כיף אבל התעייפתי מאוד “It was fun but I got really tired.” |
| Amir: The second part of the sentence התעייפתי מאוד uses the same idea. תי- is the ending for “i” or אני. |
| Sherah: The first part of the sentence is a little different. Yonatan uses the verb להיות “to be” without a subject. |
| Amir: Right, he says היה כיף basically “was fun”. |
| Sherah: This time there is no indicator there. היה could refer to many different things. |
| Amir: In this case, it’s known that when היה is used without a subject, the subject is “it”. |
| Sherah: This is really the only time that you will see a verb in the third person without a subject. |
| Amir: This happens in the future as well, not just the past. |
| Sherah: But for this lesson we will focus on the past tense conjugations that can be used without an independent subject. Let’s give some examples. I will give the translation and then Amir will give the Hebrew. The first sentence is “I helped her wash dishes.” |
| Amir: עזרתי לה לשטוף כלים |
| [pause] |
| Sherah: You (fem.) came exactly on time. |
| Amir: בָּאת בְּדִיּוּק בַּזְּמַן. |
| [pause] |
| Sherah: We fell in love very quickly |
| Amir: התאהבנו מאוד מהר. |
| [pause] |
Outro |
|---|
| Sherah: Well, that’s it for this lesson. |
| Amir: Now that you’ve listened to this lesson, please visit HebrewPod101.com and tell us more about yourselves. |
| Sherah: Make sure you check the lesson notes, and we’ll see you next time. |
| Amir: Thanks everyone, |
| Sherah: Bye! |
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