Learn about adjective agreement with construct nouns (שמיכויות)
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sherah:Hello and welcome back to Hebrewpod101.com. This is Lower Intermediate, Season 1, Lesson 22 - Where Should I Put These Israeli Flowers? I’m your host, Sherah! |
| Amir:And I’m Amir. |
| Sherah:In this lesson, you'll learn how to use adjectives with a construct state in Hebrew. |
| Amir:The conversation takes place at a wedding reception hall. |
| Sherah:It’s between Ma’ayan and her employee. |
| Amir:The speakers are co-workers, and they’ll be using informal Hebrew. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Sherah:We’ve talked about weddings in Israel and what a big deal they are. Let’s talk about wedding halls. |
| Amir:I haven’t been to very many weddings in Israel that weren’t in a wedding hall. |
| Sherah:Yes, weddings usually have about 300-400 guest, so they're usually done in a wedding hall like the one Ma’ayan works in. |
| Amir:Wedding halls are usually completely indoors in the city, but outside of the city, they are indoor-outdoor facilities or completely outdoor. |
| Sherah:These wedding halls usually charge by the guest and will have in-house catering. |
| Amir:They'll have three different sections. They'll have a place for the ceremony where you can put the chuppah. |
| Sherah:Right, this place will have very limited seating, usually only reserved for older guests. |
| Amir:Then they'll have seating for the meal. |
| Sherah:The third section is a place to dance. Because Israelis love to dance, especially at weddings. |
| Amir:The wedding party is responsible for hiring a DJ or a band in this case. |
| Sherah:Yes, and if the wedding is a religious wedding, the dancing will be sectioned off between the men and the women. |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Sherah:Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word we want to talk about is קופסה. |
| Amir:A קפסה is a “box”, “can”, “tin,” or “canister.” |
| Sherah:The cool thing about this word is you can call pretty much all the packaged items from the supermarket a קופסה. |
| Amir:Right, you pretty much can. There are a few different smichuts that use this word, like קופסת גפרורים which is a "matchbox." |
| Sherah:Another one is קופסת טבק and this is a "snuffbox." |
| Amir:The last smichut that uses קופסה is קופסת סיגריות meaning a "pack of cigarettes." |
| Sherah:The next word we want to talk about is ליד, which is a preposition meaning “beside”, “next to,” or “by”. |
| Amir:Literally this means “on hand”. |
| Sherah:Like other prepositions, this one takes pronoun suffixes. For instance, לידי means “next to me” or “beside me”. |
| Amir:And לידו means “beside him”. |
| Sherah:The last word we want to talk about is the verb לשים. |
| Amir:This verb means “to lay,” “set”, or “place,” and it's from the pa’al verb group. |
| Sherah:Right, and conjugations in the past and present only use two of the root letters, sin and mem. |
| Amir:There are several useful expressions that use this verb, the first is לא שם עליו which means “disregard him”. |
| Sherah:Another expression we talked about in earlier lessons is לשים לב, and this means “to notice.” |
| Amir:The last expression also means “disregard him,” and that's לשים פס עליו. |
| Sherah:Literally, this means “to put a line on him”. It’s an interesting expression. Okay, now onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Sherah:In this lesson, you’ll learn about adjective agreement with construct nouns or שמיכויות |
| Amir:To remind you, a שמיכות is two or three nouns that are placed together because they're dependent on one another for their meaning. |
| Sherah:In Hebrew, the construct noun has a specific structure, vowel pattern, and grammar rules. |
| Amir:When you add an adjective to one of the words in a שמיכות these adjectives need to work within those rules. |
| Sherah:First of all, the adjective needs to agree with whichever noun it modifies in number and gender. |
| Amir:It will usually agree with the first noun in the שמיכות, but sometimes it will agree with one of the other nouns in the שמיכות. |
| Sherah:When both nouns in the שמיכות are the same number and gender it can be confusing what noun the adjective modifies. |
| Amir: The sample sentence from the dialogue is פרחי הנוי הלבנים הולכים על שולחן העץ שם |
| Sherah:Ma’ayan uses the smichut פרחי הנוי הלבנים. In this smichut, the adjective לבנים is describing the color of the flowers. |
| Amir:So it has the same number and gender as פרחים. |
| Sherah:The adjective also carries the definite article because the smichut does. |
| Amir:Later in the dialogue, Ma’ayan says אתה יודע איפה כוסות היין היפות? She asks her employee where the nice wine glasses are. |
| Sherah:The smichut she uses is כוסות היין, or "wine glasses," and she modifies this with the adjective יפות, which agrees with the noun כוסות. |
| Amir:When you want to talk about red wine glasses, the agreement moves from the first noun to the second noun. |
| Sherah:Right, the smichut with the adjective would then be כוסות יין אדום. |
| Amir:יין is masculine singular, so אדום is as well. The sample sentence would then be אתה יודע איפה כוסות היין האדום |
| Sherah:Let’s look at other examples of adjective agreement using the smichut חנות ספרים or “bookstore”. Amir will give the Hebrew, and I'll give the English. |
| Amir: The first is with an adjective agreeing with the first noun or the construct noun חנות ספרים מרכזית |
| Sherah:"central bookstore" |
| Amir:If you add a definite article to it, it becomes חנות הספרים המרכזית |
| Sherah:"The central bookstore." Now we'll show adjective agreement with the second now, the absolute noun. |
| Amir:חנות ספרים חינוכיים |
| Sherah:"an educational book store" |
| Amir:And with a definite article, חנות הספרים החינוכיים |
| Sherah:"The educational bookstore." Let’s look at two example sentences, the first is where the adjective modifies the first noun. |
| Amir:שתיתי בקבוק מיים גדול היום |
| Sherah:"I drank a big bottle of water today." The next sentence is where the adjective modifies the second noun in the smichut. |
| Amir:הילד מעדיף בקבוק מיים קרים |
| Sherah:"The boy prefers a bottle of cold water." |
Outro |
|---|
| Sherah:Ok, that’s all for this lesson. Come see us at HebrewPod101.com and talk to us about what you’ve learned here. And don’t forget to check the lesson notes! |
| Amir:Thanks for being with us, everyone, |
| Sherah:Bye! |
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