INTRODUCTION |
Sherah:Hello and welcome back to Hebrewpod101.com. This is Lower Intermediate, Season 1, Lesson 23 - Did I Just See You Cheat on Your Israeli Test? I’m your host, Sherah! |
Amir:And I’m Amir. |
Sherah:In this lesson, you'll learn how to use pronoun suffixes and the preposition עם. |
Amir:The conversation takes place at Dan’s school. |
Sherah:It’s between Dan and his teacher. |
Amir:The speakers are teacher and student, and they’ll be using informal Hebrew. |
POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
Sherah:The high school graduation system in Israel is based on something called bagrut. |
Amir:These are standardized tests given by the Ministry of Education on many subjects studied in high school. |
Sherah:Each student must take a minimum of twenty units, fifteen of these being determined by the Ministry of Education. |
Amir:Right, the required courses are in math, language, English, history, and civics. |
Sherah:On top of that, you have to take an elective. |
Amir:Yes, but most people take more than twenty units. Twenty is really a bare minimum. |
Sherah:That’s a good point, these test grades count for quite a lot beyond high school. |
Amir:They do - the grade you get on the tests is combined with your class average in that subject, and that's your final grade. Then those grades will be looked at when you go into the army and when you go to university. |
Sherah:What elective you take really depends on your high school. Most high schools focus in a particular area, like science, art, or literature. |
Amir:Right, so the electives available are based on the focus of your high school. |
Sherah:But you look at that when you decide what high school to attend in your area. This system is really interesting, it’s quite different from my experience in an American high school. |
KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
Sherah:Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word we want to talk about is תשובה. |
Amir:תשובה means “answer” or “reply”. |
Sherah:This is a tricky word for English speakers because of the first two letters of this word. |
Amir:Right, there is a shva vowel at the beginning of this word, so t’sh can be difficult to say. |
Sherah:It comes out sounding similar to the English “ch”. |
Amir:Yes, תשובה. It’s related to the verb לשוב which means “to return”. |
Sherah:The next vocabulary word we want to talk about is המורה. |
Amir:This is what Israeli children call their teacher. |
Sherah:It’s meant to be a title of honor. Israeli children don’t call their teacher by their last name like American children. |
Amir:No, we usually use המורה or we say “the teacher of math”, which would be המורה למתמטיקה, when we are talking to other people. |
Sherah:The last word we want to talk about is ללוות and it means “to borrow”. |
Amir:In Hebrew, the words for “borrow” and “lend” are very close. |
Sherah:Right, they share a root, so they sound similar. |
Amir:The word for "borrow" is ללוות, and it's part of the pa’al verb group. The word for "lend" is להלוות, and it’s part of the hif’il verb group. |
Sherah:Okay, now onto the grammar. |
GRAMMAR POINT |
Sherah:In this lesson, you’ll learn about combining עם with pronoun suffixes. |
Amir:Just like other prepositions in Hebrew, עם can also be inflected with pronoun suffixes. |
Sherah:When you add pronoun suffixes directly to עם, the result is a literary version of עם. |
Amir:Right, we don’t use that in spoken Hebrew, it would be like עמי, meaning “with me”. |
Sherah:Instead, in spoken Hebrew “with me” is איתי. It’s actually based on the preposition את. |
Amir:So, let’s look at the sample sentence from the dialogue. Dan says, לא דיברתי איתו על המבחן, when the teacher catches him talking to his friend during the test. |
Sherah:He says, “I didn’t talk with him about the test.” The word we're focusing on is איתו. |
Amir:The beginning of this word, אית, is the base that replaces עם to which all the pronoun suffixes are attached. |
Sherah:So, איתו has the pronoun ending for “him”. |
Amir:This same preposition, with the same ending, is seen after this when the teacher says אז למה דיברת איתו?. |
Sherah:Later in the conversation, Dan says המורה, בבקשה אל תדברי איתה! |
Amir:Dan uses איתה, meaning “with her”. |
Sherah:All the pronoun endings are the same as we've seen added to other prepositions and at the ends of nouns to show possession. |
Amir:Right, so we should look at some sample sentences then. |
Sherah:Definitely, Amir will give the Hebrew, and I'll give the English. |
Amir:אני מדברת איתם כל יום |
Sherah:"I talk with them every day." איתם is the preposition for “with them”. |
Amir:אתה בא איתנו מחר? |
Sherah:"Are you coming with us tomorrow?" איתנו is the preposition for “with us”. |
Amir:לא הבאתי כסף איתי. |
Sherah:"I didn’t bring money with me." איתי is the preposition for “with me”. |
Amir:While we're talking about the preposition עם, we should mention the verbs that are always followed by עם. |
Sherah:Just like in English, certain verbs and prepositions are paired together. The first one that uses עם is להשלים עם or “to accept”. |
Amir:The next one is להתמודד עם or “to deal with”. |
Sherah:The third one is להתוכח עם or “to argue with”. |
Amir:The last one is להתחתן עם or “to marry”. |
Outro
|
Sherah:Ok, that’s all for this lesson. Come see us at HebrewPod101.com and talk to us about what you’ve learned here. |
Amir:Thanks for being with us, everyone, |
Sherah:Bye! |
Comments
HideHello Listeners! What do you think about cheating on a test?!
Hi Sunil,
Thank you for your comment!😄
Where you able to learn about bag'rut? Maturity or the high-school exams ones?
Have a pleasant learning!
Yours,
Tal
Team Hebrewpod101.com
Learnt about bagrut and em.
Dear Steven Borges,
Thank you for sharing your thoughts and for posting this important information.
This is true, the word "tshuva" (תשובה) is also the word for repentance. This is logical as the root of the word "תשובה" is similar to the verb "לשוב" which means "to return".
Keep up the good work 😄
Best,
Roi
Team HebrewPod101.com
'Ana (Answer) can be used interchangebly in Spoken Hebrew with the word t'shuvah
keep in mind to my fellow Hebrew learners: t'shuvah can mean returning in the verbal noun
which generally means repentance
T'shuvah has a very important meaning : a Jew who has gone astray whether if he was religious in his past
life or not and is born again because he asked God (Hashem) for forgiveness for all the bad past sins he had commited
Dear Allan Tanzman,
Thanks for posting you question!
In most contexts, "מבחן" and "בחינה" are simply synonyms. Some consider "מבחן" to be a little more 'formal', but in most cases these words are used interchangeably.
I hope that helps :)
Best,
Roi
Team
What is the difference from בחינה and מבחן
Hi Yitzchak,
My pleasure - glad I could help :)
Best,
Roi
Team HebrewPod101.com
תודה רבה.
Hi Yitzchak,
Thanks for posting your translation! well done - your phrase is almost 100% correct 👍👍
Let's review a few spots -
" לא כדאי לרמות על מבחנים "
the correct preposition here is "in" (ב) , as in "לא כדאי לרמות במבחנים"
"ימנה ממך..."
Note a type - "to prevent" = "למנוע", therefore the correct verb here is "ימנע ממך"
"גם, אולי תיתפס!"
This is not really incorrect, but an even better way to say it would be "בנוסף, אולי תתפס"
The difference between "גם" and "בנוסף" is similar to the difference between "too" and "also" (or "additionally").
Keep up the good work!
Best,
Roi
Team HebrewPod101.com
חוץ מזה שזה לא ישר, לא כדאי לרמות על מבחנים כי הרגל כזה ימנה ממך ללמוד איך לעבוד קשה וללמוד דברים חשובים. גם, אולי תיתפס!
Besides for being dishonest, it's not worthwhile to cheat on tests because such a habit will prevent you from learning important things and from learning how to work hard. Also, you might get caught!
Hi Ollie,
Thanks for commenting. Good questions.
1. The rule is correct when we're talking about a specific tense (ie - present - אני הולך לאכול - "I go eating"), but when using the conditioned form "would have" it works as on my comment - הייתי הולך is referred to as the first verb combined.
2. I'm not sure I fully understand your meaning, but it seems correct.
3. "אילו" is not always necessary in order to make a conditioned sentence, in your example - הייתי מדבר איתו - we can continu this sentence with אם "if" - הייתי מדבר איתו אם הוא היה מגיע.
4. רשות rashut is more of an organization, such as רשות שדות התעופה Israel Airports Authority.
5. The suffix ות-(ut) is a very common one in Hebrew, and there are different reasons to different words, Sorry that I can't supply an easy solution...
Yours,
Roi Hebrewpod101.com
1. You replaced רשות with סמכות. What context is רשות found in?
2. The suffix ות-(ut) shows up many times in Hebrew for nouns in which I can't label E.g בלשנות, גננות, סמכות, רשות. What are these type of nouns called and what common meaning does this suffix give them?
Does this make sense?
Thank you so much for your valuable insight Roi :) Keep the corrections coming!
1. I learnt somewhere that when there are two verbs beside each other that the last one must be an infinitive, you have broken that with הייתי מבלה עם אישתי. Is this an exception in some way or am I wrong?
2. So with carrying the "would" meaning into other sentences, as long as there is a להיות verb it can be done?
E.g
If__________, I would be__________. Then we would__________.
.____________אילו__________, הייתי__________. אז היינו
Does this make sense?
3. Moreover, If אילו was not present anywhere and i used הייתי, would the "would" sense be present?
E.g I would talk to him.
.הייתי מדבר איתו
Hi Ollie,
Thanks for posting and for your nice phrases!
lets' go through your work -
1. אילו לא הייתי נמצא במפעל היום, הייתי מבלה עם אישתי .הייתי יוצא למסעדה סינית לפגישה רומנטית איתה
2. אל תתווכחו עם אבא שלכם כי הוא הסמכות הסופית בנושא. אנחנו לא יוצאים לאכול גלידה הערב
I think you mean "hypothetical" sentence, the "would" הייתי/היינו is used before every verb.
Yours,
Roi
Team Hebrewpod101.com
If I wasn't at work, I'd be spending time with my wife. I would go on a romantic date to a Chinese restaurant with her.
אילו אני לא נמצא במפעל היום, הייתי לבלות עם אישתי .אני יוצא למסעדה סינית לפגישה רומנטית איתה
Don't argue with your dad because he is the final authority on the topic. We aren't going out for ice cream this arvie.
אל תתווכחו עם אבא שלכם כי הוא הרשות הסופית על הנושא. אנחנו לא יוצאים בשביל גלידה בערב הזה
Because the first sentence is a hypocritical sentence, does the "would" meaning carry into the following sentence?
Thank you, Roi So the word "come" the way you wrote it is the command form for you singular masculine? Yes, I agree your version is the one I've seen and is more natural.
Good to know that "for me" is redundant with efshar.
Took me a bit on the spelling of film- you meant to use the tet instead of the tav not the samech. Glad you keep catching me on my spelling and the chet and hay. Thanks for you assistance as always.
Hi Shelley,
Thanks for commenting!
Please note first, that "na" (please) is spelled "נא" (short for "אנא"). Best way in Hebrew is to say "בוא איתנו בבקשה".
May I - translated simply as "אפשר" (efshar) - בשבילי is redundant in your sentence.
I went = הלכתי (with "ה")
movie = סרט (with "ס")
Good work!
Yours,
Roi
Team Hebrewpod101.com
Please come with us.. נה לבוא איתנו . בבקשה תבוא איתנו (Which is more natural in Hebrew?)
May I borrow your markers so I can draw with you.
אפשר בשבילי ללוות את הסמנים שלכם כדי שאצייר איתכם
I promise to go with you/ with her/ with them next time.
אני מבטיחה ללכת איתך/ איתה /איתן הפעם הבאה
I went to the film with you/with him/ with them last week.
חלכתי איתך/ איתו /איתם /לסרת בשבוע שעבר
Hi Ann,
Thank you for posting, great job!
One tiny issue:
זה לא רעיון טוב לרמות במבחן כי אולי המורה יטלפן *אל* ההורים שלך לדבר איתם
Or:
זה לא רעיון טוב לרמות במבחן כי אולי המורה *יטלפן להורים* שלך לדבר איתם
Or the more common phrasing:
זה לא רעיון טוב לרמות במבחן כי אולי המורה *יתקשר להורים* שלך לדבר איתם
Keep up the good work :wink:
Sincerely,
Yaara
Team HebrewPod101.com
זה לא רעיון טוב לרמות במבחן כי אולי המורה יטלפן את ההורים שלך לדבר איתם
It is not a good idea to cheat in a test because perhaps the teacher will phone your parents and speak with them.
אתה רוצה ללכת העירה איתי או להישאר בבית איתו
Do you want to go into town with me or to stay at home with him?
הזמנתי אותם לאכול ארוחת ערב איתנו ביום שלישי בשבוע הבא
I invited them to have dinner with us on Tuesday next week.