Learn the inflection of the preposition עם
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sherah:Hello and welcome back to Hebrewpod101.com. This is Lower Intermediate, Season 1, Lesson 23 - Did I Just See You Cheat on Your Israeli Test? I’m your host, Sherah! |
| Amir:And I’m Amir. |
| Sherah:In this lesson, you'll learn how to use pronoun suffixes and the preposition עם. |
| Amir:The conversation takes place at Dan’s school. |
| Sherah:It’s between Dan and his teacher. |
| Amir:The speakers are teacher and student, and they’ll be using informal Hebrew. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Sherah:The high school graduation system in Israel is based on something called bagrut. |
| Amir:These are standardized tests given by the Ministry of Education on many subjects studied in high school. |
| Sherah:Each student must take a minimum of twenty units, fifteen of these being determined by the Ministry of Education. |
| Amir:Right, the required courses are in math, language, English, history, and civics. |
| Sherah:On top of that, you have to take an elective. |
| Amir:Yes, but most people take more than twenty units. Twenty is really a bare minimum. |
| Sherah:That’s a good point, these test grades count for quite a lot beyond high school. |
| Amir:They do - the grade you get on the tests is combined with your class average in that subject, and that's your final grade. Then those grades will be looked at when you go into the army and when you go to university. |
| Sherah:What elective you take really depends on your high school. Most high schools focus in a particular area, like science, art, or literature. |
| Amir:Right, so the electives available are based on the focus of your high school. |
| Sherah:But you look at that when you decide what high school to attend in your area. This system is really interesting, it’s quite different from my experience in an American high school. |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Sherah:Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word we want to talk about is תשובה. |
| Amir:תשובה means “answer” or “reply”. |
| Sherah:This is a tricky word for English speakers because of the first two letters of this word. |
| Amir:Right, there is a shva vowel at the beginning of this word, so t’sh can be difficult to say. |
| Sherah:It comes out sounding similar to the English “ch”. |
| Amir:Yes, תשובה. It’s related to the verb לשוב which means “to return”. |
| Sherah:The next vocabulary word we want to talk about is המורה. |
| Amir:This is what Israeli children call their teacher. |
| Sherah:It’s meant to be a title of honor. Israeli children don’t call their teacher by their last name like American children. |
| Amir:No, we usually use המורה or we say “the teacher of math”, which would be המורה למתמטיקה, when we are talking to other people. |
| Sherah:The last word we want to talk about is ללוות and it means “to borrow”. |
| Amir:In Hebrew, the words for “borrow” and “lend” are very close. |
| Sherah:Right, they share a root, so they sound similar. |
| Amir:The word for "borrow" is ללוות, and it's part of the pa’al verb group. The word for "lend" is להלוות, and it’s part of the hif’il verb group. |
| Sherah:Okay, now onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Sherah:In this lesson, you’ll learn about combining עם with pronoun suffixes. |
| Amir:Just like other prepositions in Hebrew, עם can also be inflected with pronoun suffixes. |
| Sherah:When you add pronoun suffixes directly to עם, the result is a literary version of עם. |
| Amir:Right, we don’t use that in spoken Hebrew, it would be like עמי, meaning “with me”. |
| Sherah:Instead, in spoken Hebrew “with me” is איתי. It’s actually based on the preposition את. |
| Amir:So, let’s look at the sample sentence from the dialogue. Dan says, לא דיברתי איתו על המבחן, when the teacher catches him talking to his friend during the test. |
| Sherah:He says, “I didn’t talk with him about the test.” The word we're focusing on is איתו. |
| Amir:The beginning of this word, אית, is the base that replaces עם to which all the pronoun suffixes are attached. |
| Sherah:So, איתו has the pronoun ending for “him”. |
| Amir:This same preposition, with the same ending, is seen after this when the teacher says אז למה דיברת איתו?. |
| Sherah:Later in the conversation, Dan says המורה, בבקשה אל תדברי איתה! |
| Amir:Dan uses איתה, meaning “with her”. |
| Sherah:All the pronoun endings are the same as we've seen added to other prepositions and at the ends of nouns to show possession. |
| Amir:Right, so we should look at some sample sentences then. |
| Sherah:Definitely, Amir will give the Hebrew, and I'll give the English. |
| Amir:אני מדברת איתם כל יום |
| Sherah:"I talk with them every day." איתם is the preposition for “with them”. |
| Amir:אתה בא איתנו מחר? |
| Sherah:"Are you coming with us tomorrow?" איתנו is the preposition for “with us”. |
| Amir:לא הבאתי כסף איתי. |
| Sherah:"I didn’t bring money with me." איתי is the preposition for “with me”. |
| Amir:While we're talking about the preposition עם, we should mention the verbs that are always followed by עם. |
| Sherah:Just like in English, certain verbs and prepositions are paired together. The first one that uses עם is להשלים עם or “to accept”. |
| Amir:The next one is להתמודד עם or “to deal with”. |
| Sherah:The third one is להתוכח עם or “to argue with”. |
| Amir:The last one is להתחתן עם or “to marry”. |
Outro |
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| Sherah:Ok, that’s all for this lesson. Come see us at HebrewPod101.com and talk to us about what you’ve learned here. |
| Amir:Thanks for being with us, everyone, |
| Sherah:Bye! |
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