Learn how to use the verb group pu'al
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sherah:Hello and welcome back to Hebrewpod101.com. This is Lower Intermediate, Season 1, Lesson 16 - A Visit To An Israeli Hospital. I’m your host, Sherah! |
| Amir:And I’m Amir. |
| Sherah:In this lesson, you'll learn about the passive verb group Pu’al. |
| Amir:The conversation takes place at the hospital. |
| Sherah:It’s between Ma’ayan and a doctor. |
| Amir:The speakers are strangers, and they’ll be using informal Hebrew. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Sherah:Nobody wants to end up in the hospital, but if you do, Israel is not a bad place to be. |
| Amir:That’s true, we're known for our excellent hospitals.: |
| Sherah:We get a lot of foreigners coming to Israel because of this.: |
| Amir:Yes. We get foreigners who come because they want quality care that's affordable. |
| Sherah:We also get people who come from Syria for treatment because they don’t have a place to go in Syria anymore.: |
| Amir:Israel also offers medical treatment to some Palestinians because they can’t get some medical treatments in the Territories. : |
| Sherah:Right, one of programs we have is for heart surgeries for children who are in need of heart surgery and can’t get it there. |
| Amir:We have both public and private hospitals in Israel. : |
| Sherah:Most of the private hospitals are owned by one of the main health funds, Klalit.: |
| Amir:Others are owned by non-profits and charitable organizations. |
| Sherah:There are also government-owned hospitals and those are run by the Ministry of Health. Okay, now let’s move on to the vocab. |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| Sherah:Let’s take a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word we want to talk about is שבור. |
| Amir:This word means “broken,” and it can sometimes even mean “heartbroken." |
| Sherah:Right, you can say שבור for “heartbroken,” but you can also add the word for “heart”, or לב, after it and say שבור לב. |
| Amir:שבור can refer to both people and objects. You can say עצם שבורה, and that is a "broken bone".: |
| Sherah:Or you can say כוס שבורה, which is a “broken glass”. |
| Amir:If you want to use it to say that someone is a "broken person," you can say that he is a בן אדם שבור. |
| Sherah:The next word we want to talk about is נפילה, and this means “fall”. |
| Amir:Right, it can also mean “collapse” or “downfall”. |
| Sherah:It shares a root with the verb ליפול, meaning “to fall”. |
| Amir:Some situations that you'd use it in, is when a building falls or even a nation collapses.: |
| Sherah:Speaking of which, they use this word a lot when they talk about the collapse of two very big nations, the Soviet Union and Rome.: |
| Amir:Yes, the "collapse of the Soviet Union" is נפילת ברית המועצות. |
| Sherah:The "fall of Rome" is נפילת רומא. |
| Amir:Another phrase that uses this word is מחלת הנפילה, which is “epilepsy” in English. : |
| Sherah:The literal translation would be “falling sickness”. |
| Amir:The last expression we want to talk about is החלמה מהירה. This is a blessing that you use when someone is sick. |
| Sherah:Right, it means “speedy recovery”. |
| Amir:The first word החלמה means "recovery." |
| Sherah:And the second word מהירה means “fast”. Okay, now onto the grammar. |
| GRAMMAR POINT |
| Sherah:In this lesson you’ll learn about the passive verb group Pu’al. |
| Amir:In Hebrew, each active group of verbs has a special relationship with one passive group of verbs. |
| Sherah:Right, the active group Pi’el has a special relationship with the passive verb group Pu’al. |
| Amir:This means that if a verb in the verb group Pi’el has a passive form, it will be found in the verb group Pu’al. |
| Sherah:Pu’al verbs only have a past, present, and future tense. They don’t have an imperative tense or an infinitive. |
| Amir:Just like the Pi’el, in Pu’al there is a stress on the second letter of the root. |
| Sherah:This means that when you have letters that have two sounds, only one of those sounds will be used. |
| Amir:The letters ב, כ and פ will only use the sounds “b”, “k,” and “p” when they're the middle letter of the root. : |
| Sherah:Pu’al verbs also have a ‘מ preceding the root in the present tense. The difference between Pi’el and Pu’al in the present tense is the ‘ו (vav) which makes a “u” sound between the first and second root letters. |
| Amir:This vav making the “u” vowel sound is seen in all tenses.: |
| Sherah:To look at Pu’al in the present tense, let’s take a look at our sample sentence. : |
| Amir:In the dialogue, the doctor says הוא מטופל על ידי האחות כרגע |
| Sherah:The doctor says that Dan is being treated by the nurse right now. |
| Amir:The verb used in this sentence is מטופל which can mean “being treated” or “being taken care of”. |
| Sherah:This is the masculine singular form of the verb in the present tense. |
| Amir:The feminine singular is מטופלת. |
| Sherah:The masculine plural is מטופלים, and the feminine plural is מטופלות.: |
| Amir:Another thing you'll notice in the sentence from the dialogue is the use of על ידי after the verb. |
| Sherah:על ידי means “by,” and it’s only used in the passive tense to indicate who did the action. |
| Amir:I think it would be a good idea to see this sentence go from active to passive to see how the different parts of the sentence change place, and how the verb changes. |
| Sherah:Okay, let’s start with the active. |
| Amir:The active of this sentence would be האחות מטופלת בו כרגעה |
| Sherah:"The nurse is treating him right now." It starts with the one doing the action, "the nurse" or האחות. |
| Amir:After the subject, we have the verb מטפלת. It agrees with the subject in the feminine singular. |
| Sherah:Then we have בו. In English, we would simply say “him” without any prepositions. In Hebrew, we use the preposition -ב meaning “on” or “in” after the verb לטפל. |
| Amir:Right, so we have בו meaning “on him”. |
| Sherah:The rest of the sentence is כרגע, meaning “right now”. Let’s take a look at the passive again. |
| Amir:The passive is הוא מטופל על ידי האחות כרגע. |
| Sherah:Dan is now the subject, so it starts out with הוא.: |
| Amir:הוא is followed by מטופל, which is the passive form of לטפל, and it's in the masculine singular because it agrees with the new subject. |
| Sherah:After the verb, we have the preposition we use in the passive, על ידי and then what was our subject in the active sentence, האחות or “the nurse”.: |
| Amir:Notice that the tense always stays the same when you move from active to passive. |
| Sherah:Yes, let’s look at sample sentences in the past and the future as they move from active to passive. Amir will give the Hebrew and I will give the English. We’ll start with the past tense. |
| Amir:Active, אבא שלי תיקן את האופניים שלי |
| Sherah:"My dad fixed my bike. " |
| Amir:...and now the passive. האופניים שלי תוקנו על ידי אבא שלי. |
| Sherah:"My bike was fixed by my dad." Let’s see some sentences in the future. |
| Amir:The active is... דן יסדר את החדר שלו. |
| Sherah:"Dan will straighten his room." |
| Amir:And the passive... החדר של דן יסודר על ידיו. |
| Sherah:"Dan’s room will be straightened by him." |
| Amir:As you can see in the last sentence, the preposition על ידי can take pronoun suffixes just like other prepositions. |
| Sherah:Right, in this lesson we also saw both על ידך and על ידי. |
Outro |
|---|
| Sherah:Ok, that’s all for this lesson. Come see us at HebrewPod101.com, and talk to us about what you’ve learned here. |
| Amir:Thanks for being with us, everyone, |
| Sherah:Bye! |
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